I saw winged insects. Are they termites?
They may be, but flying ants look similar. The technician checks the body shape and wings, and the place where the insects were found helps narrow the question.
Termite swarmers often have a thick waist and wings of about the same length, while flying ants have a pinched waist and a longer front pair of wings. Those differences are easy to miss across a room. Wings shed on a sill are a useful clue, because they fall off after the swarm.
Older Purdue Extension guidance says termite swarms often appear around April in the Midwest, but timing varies with the weather and the building. A single swarm found indoors is a reason to inspect the wood and foundation, not a finding in itself.
What do mud tubes mean?
Mud tubes are soil-colored tunnels that subterranean termites build to reach wood while staying out of open air. Finding them on a foundation, pier or step means the wood nearby needs a close look.
The tubes are pencil-width and made of soil and debris, and they are often found where the foundation meets the soil or on a concrete pier. Termites build them to stay in a moist environment on the way to the wood. A broken tube can be rebuilt, which is one reason the inspection looks at the whole line of the foundation.
A technician records where the tubes were found and whether they appear active. Breaking a tube open to look inside is not the homeowner's job, since it damages the evidence and does not show the extent of the problem.
Can a homeowner check this alone?
A homeowner can look at the foundation, the crawl space access and the wood near the ground with a flashlight. A technician checks the hidden wood and explains what it means.
Walking the outside of the house and looking for mud tubes, wood in soil, damp spots and frass under windows is a reasonable first step. Many signs are hidden inside walls, under floors and in framing, so an outside look does not settle the question. A crawl space with poor access may need a technician to look properly.
Do not dig, drill or pour anything into the soil or walls to test for termites. That damages the evidence and can make a later inspection harder.
What makes the price go up or down?
The size of the building, how much of the foundation and crawl space can be reached, the number of outbuildings and wood structures, the severity of the findings, and any repairs needed by another trade all change the work. The price is explained and approved before any work starts.
A small house with an accessible crawl space is a shorter inspection than a larger farmhouse with a stone basement, several outbuildings and a long run of wood in contact with soil. The amount of access, the number of spaces to check and the amount of framing to probe all affect the time the inspection takes.
If treatment or repair is needed, the price depends on the extent of the work and whether a carpenter is needed for the framing. The owner approves the price before any work is started.
Do I need an inspection if the house is old and dry?
Age and dryness alone do not settle the question. An inspection checks for signs hidden in the framing and foundation, and those can be present in old, dry houses as well as new ones.
Older houses in this area often have wood framing, wood porches and wood that sits on or near the foundation, and those are the places termites are checked. A well-kept, dry house may still have a problem in a hidden joint, and an inspection is the way to see it.
The owner can lower the risk by keeping wood off the soil, fixing leaking gutters and keeping the crawl space ventilated and free of debris. Those steps are not an inspection, and the findings should come first.